From Patterns to Prescriptions: A Smarter Way Forward for Long COVID Care

Long COVID research has come a long way—but clinical care hasn’t caught up.

And while studies like the Nature Medicine machine-learning analysis (Zhang et al., 2023) identified four major subtypes using 30,000 electronic records, we’re still missing a critical step:

Turning patterns into prescriptions.

At AHA, we’ve been working on a recovery-informed framework that doesn’t just label the condition—but guides people out of it.

The Problem With Clusters

In the research, long COVID was grouped into four phenotypes:

1. Cardiac & Renal

2. Respiratory, Sleep & Anxiety

3. Musculoskeletal & Nervous System

4. Digestive & Respiratory

This validated what many of us already knew—long COVID isn’t a single illness. But in clinical practice, these clusters don’t give us direction.

That’s why we built something different.

From Labels to Action

We used anonymised case data across hundreds of recovery journeys and asked not just what symptoms were present—but:

• What was driving dysfunction?

• How did the body respond to pacing, movement, or stress?

• What actually helped?

The result? A recovery-informed model built on real-world outcomes, not just co-occurring symptoms.

Our 5 Recovery-Driven Subtypes

1. Anosmia/Dysgeusia-Dominant

2. Respiratory-Dominant

3. Neurological-Dominant

4. Cardiovascular/GI-Dominant

5. Multisystemic & Complex

Each of these subtypes responds differently to medications, supplements, breathwork, pacing strategies, and rehab programming.

And each demands more than “just rest.”

Why Fatigue Isn’t What You Think It Is

One of the most common—and misunderstood—symptoms across every subtype is fatigue. But let’s be clear:

• It’s not sleepiness

• It’s not laziness

• And it’s definitely not depression

It’s mitochondrial collapse, nervous system overload, and a crash response to even small efforts.

It’s the kind of fatigue that makes asking for help feel impossible—because the explaining takes more energy than you have.

What People Are Really Experiencing

What we saw again and again wasn’t just physical illness. It was grief.

• Grieving the person they used to be

• The life they used to live without thinking

• The ability to explain what they needed to people who didn’t get it

So we built the tools that were missing:

• Symptom trackers for brain-fog days

• Carer support guides for partners and family

• Fatigue-friendly planning tools that don’t turn recovery into a second job

This isn’t mindset work.

It’s precision recovery—based on what actually works.

Beyond Subtypes: The Biotype Layer

Subtypes describe what you feel.

Biotypes help explain why it’s happening.

Here are some of the common recovery-limiting patterns we’ve identified:

• Histamine-driven inflammation

• Mitochondrial energy collapse

• Autoimmune cascades

• Hormone/methylation overload

• Vagus nerve hypersensitivity

Understanding these helps us avoid the guesswork that keeps people stuck.

What Makes the AHA Method Different?

This isn’t just another pacing protocol (but the pacing component is pretty good if we do say no). It’s a layered, actionable framework for recovery.

We’ve conducted:

• Qualitative analysis on 100+ individuals

• Testing on over 50

• Iterative protocol design

• Outcome-based refinements

We didn’t stop at symptom lists. We asked what actually helps people get better—and how we can bring that into clinical and coaching practice.

If You’re a Clinician, Coach, or Researcher…

This is your invitation to collaborate.

Let’s move past generic advice. Let’s link symptoms to strategies. Let’s bring recovery models into the real world.

If you’d like to use our framework in your clinic, or casework—reach out.

If You’re Living With Long COVID…

There’s a reason the advice you’ve been given hasn’t worked:

You’ve been following a plan made for someone else’s subtype.

You haven’t failed.

You’ve just been given the wrong model.

Want to see which subtype or biotype you may fall into?

Our guided mapping tool is part of the AHA program.

Visit [link] to get started or join our mailing list here.

Because labels don’t save people.

Strategies do.

(see more of my long covid posts here or check out my burnout post here).